Masai Mara wildlife in sharp decline due to increase in human population

23/04/2009 00:10:46

Monthly surveys over 15 years link surge in human settlements near Mara reserve with large losses of wildlife that have made Kenya popular safari destination

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April 2009. Populations of major wild grazing animals that are the heart and soul of Kenya's cherished and heavily visited Masai Mara National Park—including giraffes, hartebeest, impala, and warthogs—have "decreased substantially" in only 15 years as they compete for survival with a growing concentration of human settlements in the region, according to a new study published today in the May 2009 issue of the British Journal of Zoology.

Giraffe, hartebeest, impala, warthog, topi and waterbuck

The study, analysed by researchers at the Nairobi-based International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and led and funded by World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), is based on rigorous, monthly monitoring between 1989 and 2003 of seven "ungulate," or hoofed, species in the Masai Mara National Reserve, which covers some 1500 square kilometres in south-western Kenya. Scientists found that a total of six species-giraffes, hartebeest, impala, warthogs, topis and waterbuck-declined markedly and persistently throughout the reserve.

95% decline in giraffe numbers

The study provides the most detailed evidence to date on declines in the ungulate populations in the Mara and how this phenomenon is linked to the rapid expansion of human populations near the boundaries of the reserve. For example, an analysis of the monthly sample counts indicates that the losses were as high as 95 percent for giraffes, 80 percent for warthogs, 76 percent for hartebeest, and 67 percent for impala. Researchers say the declines they documented are supported by previous studies that have found dramatic drops in the reserve of once abundant wildebeest, gazelles and zebras. …

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